Hydraulic systems for heavy equipment: ustroystvo and maintenance

hydraulic systems yavlyayutsya osnovoy work sovremennoy heavy equipment. Oni provide dvizhenie work tools, control equipment and vypolnenie osnovnykh funktsiy. V etoy state my rassmotrim ustroystvo hydraulic systems and osnovy ikh maintenance.

Osnovnye components hydraulic system

hydraulic pump

Gidronasos sozdaet pressure in sisteme and provides tsirkulyatsiyu oils. Osnovnye types:

• Shesterennye pumps — prostye and nadezhnye, for srednikh davleniy
• Porshnevye pumps — vysokoe pressure and performance
• Plastinchatye pumps — srednie davleniya, khoroshaya efficiency

hydraulic cylinders

hydraulic cylinders preobrazuyut pressure oils in mekhanicheskoe dvizhenie. types cylinders:

• Odnostoronnego deystviya — dvizhenie in odnu storonu pod davleniem
• Dvustoronnego deystviya — dvizhenie in obe storony
• Teleskopicheskie — for bolshikh khodov when kompaktnykh razmerakh

hydraulic valves

valves upravlyayut potokom and davleniem oils:

• Directional valves — upravlyayut napravleniem potoka
• Relief valves — zashchishchayut from prevysheniya davleniya
• Reguliruyushchie valves — kontroliruyut pressure and potok

hydraulic filters

Filters ochishchayut oil from contaminants and provide chistotu systems. Filter types:

• Vsasyvayushchie filters — zashchishchayut pump from krupnykh chastits
• Napornye filters — ochishchayut oil pered podachey in sistemu
• Filters obratnoy liniand — ochishchayut oil pered vozvratom in bak

maintenance hydraulic system

Regulyarnaya inspection

Ezhednevno proveryayte:

• Uroven gidravlicheskogo oils
• Nalichie utechek
• operation hydraulic systems
• Temperaturu oils

replacement oils

Hydraulic oil sleduet menyat:

• Soglasno rekomendatsiyam proizvoditelya (obychno kazhdye 1000-2000 machine hours)
• when contamination or izmeneniand svoystv
• Posle remonta systems

replacement filters

hydraulic filters menyayutsya:

• Vmeste s maslom
• when contamination
• Soglasno rekomendatsiyam proizvoditelya

Tipichnye Problems and ikh Solution

Medlennaya operation systems

Reasons:

• Nizkiy uroven oils
• Zagryaznennyy filter
• Pump wear
• leaks in sisteme

Solution: check uroven oils, Replace filter, check pump and sistemu na leaks

Povyshennyy shum

Reasons:

• Kavitatsiya (popadanie air in sistemu)
• Oil contamination
• Pump wear

Solution: check uroven oils, Replace oil and filter, check pump

leaks oils

Reasons:

• Seal wear
• Povrezhdenie shlangov
• Oslablenie soedineniy

Solution: Replace seals, check and Replace shlangi, zatyanite soedineniya

Peregrev systems

Reasons:

• Nedostatochnyy uroven oils
• Zagryaznennyy radiator
• Faulty thermostat
• Vysokaya nagruzka

Solution: check uroven oils, ochistite radiator, check termostat

Failure prevention

• Regulyarno proveryayte uroven and condition oils
• Svoevremenno zamenyayte filters
• Ispolzuyte kachestvennoe hydraulic oil
• Provodite regulyarnyy osmotr systems
• Sledite za chistotoy systems
• Pravilno ekspluatiruyte tekhniku

Vybor spare parts for hydraulics

When choosing spare parts for hydraulic system important:

• Use original or quality alternatives
• Proveryat compatibility s sistemoy
• Uchityvat rabochie parametry (pressure, raskhod)
• Pokupat u proverennykh postavshchikov

We offer a wide range of spare hydraulic system parts for all popular heavy equipment models.

Learn more about remonte hydraulic cylinders in our article "Caterpillar hydraulic cylinder repair".